拍品专文
Stanisław August Poniatowski (1732–1798) was the last King of Poland, ruling from 1764 to 1795. Backed by Catherine the Great, he became king during a period of intense foreign influence. A supporter of Enlightenment reforms, he modernized education, promoted the arts, and helped create the 3 May 1791 Constitution, Europe’s first modern constitution. Despite his efforts, internal opposition and pressure from Russia, Prussia, and Austria led to the Partitions of Poland. Forced to abdicate in 1795, he spent his final years in Russia, where he died in 1798.
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