What is Bauhaus?

Bauhaus was one of the most influential schools of art, design and architecture of the 20th century. Founded by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar, Germany in 1919, the school sought to unite the arts in creating functional, well-designed objects and buildings for modern life.

At a time when Europe was undergoing significant social and technological change, Bauhaus challenged traditional ideas about the role of artists and designers. Rather than treating fine art and applied arts as separate disciplines, the school encouraged collaboration across painting, sculpture, architecture, furniture design, textiles and more. Students had to complete a multi-disciplinary course known as the Vorkurs before they were allowed to move into specialist areas, with the teaching staff including leading artists Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Oskar Schlemmer and Josef Albers.

The Bauhaus philosophy centred on the idea that good design should be accessible, purposeful and free from unnecessary ornamentation. Clean lines, balanced proportions and an honest use of materials became hallmarks of the school’s approach, with every element of an object or building serving a clear role.

Bauhaus relocated from Weimar to Dessau and later to Berlin before closing in 1933. Although the school operated for just 14 years, its ideas transformed architecture, industrial design, graphic design and interiors, leaving a lasting influence on the modern world.

What are the characteristics of Bauhaus?

Functionality sits at the heart of Bauhaus design. Rather than adding decoration for its own sake, designers prioritised clarity and usability. Another defining principle was accessibility, with the school believing that good design should improve everyday life and be available to everyone.

Its visual style is characterised by clean lines, geometric forms and balanced proportions, creating simple, timeless designs that emphasise structure and material.

Bauhaus also championed collaboration between art, craft and technology. By embracing modern manufacturing alongside skilled craftsmanship, it helped bridge the gap between handmade and mass-produced design.